by Abdul Rehman Newaz

In 2022, Pakistan ranked as the third most polluted country globally, largely due to vehicular emissions, crop burning, and industrial activities (IQAir, 2022). The country’s weak economic structure makes it more vulnerable to air pollution, with 67% of its cities exceeding WHO air quality standards in 2021. Air pollution-related diseases contribute to at least 128,000 deaths annually (Ikram, 2022) and could shorten lifespans by five years if current levels persist (AQLI, 2023). Despite regulations, insufficient monitoring and enforcement hinder progress, threatening Pakistan’s ability to meet its 2030 emissions reduction target.

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